Brief background information explains the underpinnings of the revolution and basic facts about islam, including the differences between shiite and sunni sects. The cia world factbook on iran andor the us department of. Shapour bakhtiar approved as the prime minister by parliament. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. The iranian revolution past, present and future glittering achievements, the sassanid empire was characterised by extreme oppression of the downtrodden masses. Ten days later bakhtiar went into hiding, eventually to find exile in paris. Covering islam took as its point of departure the iranian revolution, which by then had been fully counterrevolutionized by the forces of the ayatollah. Iran is an important test case firstly because until the revolution, iran was one of three key prowestern strongholds in the middle east necessary for suppressing local worker demands and keeping oil production cheap the others being israel and saudi arabia.
Dec 15, 2017 december 15, 1979 iranian revolution aside from some of the most dismal economic conditions in american history, the iranian hostage crisis did more than anything else to doom jimmy carter, to a single term. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi. Embassy staff, holding them hostage for more than a year. Most of the resulting analyses tend to locate the origins of the revolution in the errors of the shah and of. Led by the charismatic ayatollah khomeini, the iranian people seized control and created a new government based on the islamic religion. Civil resistance is a political action that relies on the use of nonviolent methods by civil groups to challenge a particular power, force, policy or regime. Yes, it was true that the western presswhich was one half of the pun about coveringhad been naive if not worse about the pahlavi regime. Religious elements of the 1979 islamic revolution september 30, 20 this case study investigates the social, economic, and political dynamics of 1970s iran that led the iranian people to accept, and then maintain, religion as the basis of a new political system after deposing mohammad reza shah pahlavi in 1979. The iranian revolution is of great significance in the context of the contemporary islamic resurgence. Here some of the hostages leave the plane that carried them to freedom. Time line of the iranian revolution 1963 1975 1961 1981 1965 19791941 1953 1970 1980 1964 1962 1978.
Edward said and the iranian revolution david zarnett the iranian revolution was not only a godsend for those muslims who identified with its cause, it was also a blessing for those among the american left who saw it as a significant blow against the evil american empire. The iranian revolution kent as the islamic revolution or 1979 revolution an aw. The islamic revolution occurred in 1979, in the muslim majority country of iran. The iranian revolution by brendan january, hardcover. Khamenei became irans president and rafsanjani a much more powerful speaker of. Shapour bakhtiar as his new prime minister with the help of supreme army councils couldnt control the situation in the country anymore. Supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. The iranian revolution of 197883 was a disaster for iranian leftists, who. Both are difficult and tentative exercises, because irans islamic revolution appears to bear little ideological resemblance to revolutions in the west or to irans constitutional revolution of 190511.
Iran had been the most westernized and secular country in the middle east. January 31, the day that the late imam khomeini flew from paris to tehran and ends. In 1979 discontent boiled up into allout revolution. The revolution symbolized iranian fatigue with the pahlavi dynastys corruption. Outraged after being held for more than a year, 53 american hostages were finally released by iran in january 1981. Balance sheet of the iranian revolution liberation news. In 1979, the iranian people threw off the yoke of u. It could have been more elaborate on few events in order to allow the reader to fully. Nancy matthews, whose exhibitions of iranian art in 2001 and 2007 came during years of a diplomatic standoff, tells alexandra glorioso the means are more important than the end published. Syrias president bashar alassad says the united states is afraid of irans 1979 islamic revolution inspiring peoples across the world. The iranian revolution pivotal moments in history series by brendan january. Embassy staff, holding them hostage for more than a.
The iranian revolution is a thorough history of the iranian revolution. The most dramatic event in this showdown occurred in late 1979, when iranian students captured a group of u. Instead of succumbing to the clash of civilizations argument, author brendan january instead delves. The 1979 revolution catapulted both men from anonymity into power. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. Countries in crisisthe islamic revolution late in 1979, president jimmy carter agreed to let the former shah cometo the united states for medical care.
Hobsbawm branded this revolution as one of the central social revolutions of the twentieth century. Led by the charismatic ayatollah khomeini, the iranian people seized control. Strikes and demonstrations cripple the iranian government. The iranian revolution by brendan january overdrive. The revolution symbolized iranian fatigue with the pahlavi dynastys corruption, autocratic rule, and alliance with. A multiclass opposition overthrew an autocratic ruler, leading to the establishment of a theocratic state. The iranian people despised their leader, reza shah, who catered to foreign businesses while ruling iran as a dictator. Workers party hks was founded in teheran on 22 january 1979. Islamic revolution simple english wikipedia, the free. Causes and effects of iranian revolution flashcards quizlet. Revolutionary council formed by khomeini to manage revolution. Here follow relevant excerpts from his interview with charles stuart kennedy, oral historian of the association for diplomatic studies. The iranian revolution by brendan january goodreads. With our complete resources, you could find by brendan january the iranian revolution pivotal moments in history pdf or just found any kind of books for your readings everyday.
The shah and his wife fled iran and created a short period of confusion before khomeini assumed control. Revolution pivotal moments in history by brendan january pdf is available at our online library. The effects of the iranian revolution of 1979 by ivie. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Gabriel, class analysis of the iranian revolution of 1979, are useful. Start studying causes and effects of iranian revolution. Nevertheless, for the iranian world the advent of islam meant not liberation but defeat and conquest by an alien people. The iranian revolution of 1979 transformed iran from a monarchy under shah mohammad reza pahlavi to an islamic republic under ayatollah ruhollah.
The iranian revolution of 1979 transformed iran from a monarchy under shah mohammad reza pahlavi to an islamic republic under ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, the leader of the revolution and the founder of the iranian islamic republic. Jan 01, 2008 the iranian revolution quickly became a showdown between the ideas and values of islam and those of the westparticularly the united states. Download free the iranian revolution book in pdf and epub free download. The iranian revolution electronic resource brendan. The iranian revolution of 1979 was a pivotal moment in revolutionary history. Dec 15, 2007 the books is a nice summary of the iranian revolution that took place in iran back in 1979. Iranians during the islamic revolution of 197879 and the green movement uprising of. Henry precht, country director for iran in the state department, 197880, held a key position during the iranian revolution. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. The streets of tehran, iran s capital, filled with celebration as the.
The iranian revolution was the islamic revolution that replaced the secular monarchy of shah mohammad reza pahlavi with a theocracy led by ayatollah ruhollah khomeini its causes continue to be the subject of historical debate and are believed to have stemmed partly from a conservative backlash opposing the westernization, modernization and secularization efforts of the westernbacked shah. Although warrens work did not touch on the iranian revolution he died in january 1978, halliday 1983a. Islamic fundamentalists and conservative muslims are involved. The working class and the middle class are also involved. December 15, 1979 iranian revolution aside from some of the most dismal economic conditions in american history, the iranian hostage crisis did more than anything else to doom jimmy carter, to a single term. The iranian revolution pivotal moments in history by brendan january the iranian revolution pivotal moments in history by brendan january in the middle eastern nation of iran, discontent simmered for decades. Journal of world systems research, special issue edited by kevan harris and brendan mcquade, vol. The iranian revolution quickly became a showdown between the ideas and values of islam and those of the westparticularly the united states. Civil resistance is a political action that relies on the use of nonviolent methods by civil groups to challenge a. The author is pretty objective on his approach to the assessment of the revolution. Archived document, may contain errors 7 89 june 15, 1979 i the iranian revolution long term implica tions introducti on several years ago, richard helms, former director of. The iranian revolution 1977 1979 download pdf version by stephen zunes april 2009.
This outcome contrasts sharply with other modern revolutionary movements, which have been fought in the name of nationalism or socialism and which have concluded. In 19800922, saddam husseyn declared an 8 years long war against. Reza shah was overthrown and fled iran at the beginning of 1979 changes in government, religion and culture in iran. The iranian revolution of february 1979, by homa katouzian. What events in the memoir persepolis, by marjane satrapi, are related to the changes that we have discussed today. Background and causes of the iranian revolution wikipedia. Iranian revolution, popular uprising in 197879 that resulted in the fall of the. On january 16, 1979, the shah of iran left the country he had ruled for more than 37 years. The iranian revolution pivotal moments in history by. The author highlights the 1979 revolution in the historical context of shia and sunni ideas of life. December 15, 1979 iranian revolution today in history. The iranian revolution brendan january the iranian revolution well deserves its firstplace award in 2009 category. Iranian revolutions in comparative perspective nikki r.
More than 30 years have passed since 1979, the year when a selfstyled islamic revolution unfolded in iran. The iranian revolution page 2 of 9 world the guardian. I investigate the role of ideology in the iranian revolution by contrasting the two periods of the pahlavi regime that witnessed popular uprising. Keddie the iranian revolution of 197879 shocked the world and set in motion a search for causes. So we will look at what happened during the iranian revolution of 19781979. This concise but informative history chronicles how the iranian revolution of 1979 transformed iran from a monarchy to a fundamentalist islamic republic. The iranian revolution by brendan january, hardcover barnes. In revolutionary iran, michael axworthy guides us through recent iranian history from shortly before the 1979 islamic revolution through the summer of 2009, when iranians poured into the streets of tehran by the hundreds of thousands, demanding free, democratic government. Brendan january is an awardwinning author of more than twenty nonfiction books for young readers, including genocide and globalize it educated at haverford. Part of the pivotal moments that changed the world series, this entry focusing on the iranian revolution of 1979 won much praise from the book award committee for its thoroughness, clear writing, and the use of supplemental primary sources. The iranian revolution changed the political landscape in. The book consists of six chapters and a rich list of references for further study about the revolution.
Washington is afraid that nations might follow the model of the islamic revolution, he told the tehran foreign. February 2005 marks the 26th anniversary of the iranian revolution. At the first signs of escalating unrest in early 1978, neither iranian nor u. The iranian revolution of 197779 was the first in a series of mass popular civil insurrections which would result in the overthrow of authoritarian regimes in dozens of countries over the next three decades. The spark that set off the revolution was the publication, on january 7, 1978, of an editorial in. Previously, he had served in embassy tehran, 197276, as politicalmilitary officer. Shah mohammad reza pahlavi and shahbanu farah pahlavi leave iran for aswan, egypt, to be welcome by anwar sadat.